Dwarkasing & Partners is an independent research-based consultancy firm that helps enterprises, public-sector bodies, and social-sector organizations to improve their performance and tackle their most serious challenges in corporate finance, economics, fiscal policy and tax policy.
Our services focus on four specific areas: corporate finance, economic policy, fiscal policy and tax consultancy. Our Corporate Finance practice focuses on strategic, operational, financial and capital needs of businesses and governments. We address the full spectrum of financial and transactional challenges faced by stakeholders. Our Economic Policy practice focuses on the broad area of economic consulting for governments and financial institutions. Our Fiscal Policy and Tax Consultancy practice offers a range of tax and fiscal solutions for governments and enterprises. We offer conceptual solutions in order to strengthen fiscal policy of a country. Our Tax Consultancy practice assists enterprises, law firms and tax consultants in establishing sound and society-accepted tax and transfer pricing policies, meeting the requirements of corporate governance. Dwarkasing & Partners is a fully independent research-based consultancy firm.
The explosive growth of international trade in an era of globalisation, together with the fact that two-third or more of that trade is generally considered to take the form of transactions between associated enterprises, has contributed to the importance of transfer pricing. Transfer pricing issues have risen to the forefront of international tax concerns as cross-border trade has expanded exponentially. Transfer prices are the prices at which an enterprise transfers physical goods and intangible property or provides services to associated enterprises. For managerial purposes transfer pricing may be used by multinational enterprises to measure and evaluate the business performance of specific individual units of a multinational enterprise.
By evaluating the transfer prices charged for intra-group transactions, a manager can decide whether to buy or sell products and services internally or externally. This can lead to maximizing the profits of the individual units and of the multinational enterprise as a whole. From a tax perspective, prices of transactions between related enterprises (transfer prices) are important for both taxpayers and tax administrations. Transfer prices determine in large part the income and expenses, and therefore the taxable profits of the associated enterprises in different tax jurisdictions. Any adjustment made by tax authorities to the transfer price in one jurisdiction would cause (economic) double
taxation, seen from the perspective of the multinational enterprise concerned, unless a corresponding adjustment in the other jurisdiction is made. If the other jurisdiction does not agree to make a corresponding adjustment, the multinational enterprise group will be taxed twice on this part of its profits. The importance of transfer pricing is recognized by virtually all governments and presents increasingly complex taxation issues for both tax administrations and multinational enterprises.
Tax authorities worldwide have instituted regulations requiring enterprises to document intercompany transactions and comply with the arm’s length principle.Dwarkasing & Partners helps clients minimize tax risks resulting from transfer prices while optimizing their global supply chains and meeting the requirements of corporate governance. We provide transfer pricing solutions that meet both business objectives and the arm’s length principle imposed by national tax administrations. Dwarkasing and Partners is a full-service consultancy firm. Our professionals utilize market-based pricing techniques including industry structure analyses, benchmarking studies and valuation methodologies to design transfer pricing policies. We have the expertise to take on complex planning and compliance projects that involve multiple cross-border transactions and provide results that you
can understand, implement and manage.
Since 2006 Dwarkasing & Partners has been helping government organizations build and operate lean yet robust and responsive economic and fiscal policies. Dwarkasing & Partners supports governments and their tax administrations around the world -in particular developing countries- with technical assistance for their tax reform process and transfer pricing regulations. Our experience covers a wide range of policy, legislative and administrative issues helping governments and tax administrations to comply with international standards in an effective and efficient way, realizing an optimal tax revenue and to prevent tax avoidance and tax evasion by (foreign) taxpayers and multinationals.Our job is to help make the linkages between strategy and practical applications so that our clients -governments and their wholly state-controlled companies- can achieve their desired outcomes. Dwarkasing & Partners specializes in four important areas: economics, (corporate) finance, fiscal policy and tax policy.
GOVERMENT TRAINING AND RESEARCH
Dwarkasing & Partners provides supranational organizations, governments and tax administrations training and education in the field of economics, fiscal policy, tax policy, tax law and transfer pricing. We assist developing countries and economies in transition in their tax reform processes, capacity building processes and in strengthening their fiscal policies and tax policies. Our education and training solutions focus in particular on government officials, tax auditors and judges of developing countries in the field of economics, transfer pricing and tax law.
If your government requires independent technical economic , tax law and transfer pricing consultants, please contact us at phone +31-243772000 or by email: management@dwarkasing.com
Today, developing economies and economies in transition are facing many problems in collecting tax revenues.The majority of developing countries and least developed countries own significant natural resources such as gold mines, oil fields, gas, wood, minerals, aluminium and copper mines. However, the exploitation of these natural resources by foreign multinational enterprises does not result in a significant increase of tax revenues for the developing country. By using sophisticated transfer pricing models, foreign multinational enterprises shift their earnings and profits from the developing country to their own countries or to tax havens. The lack of appropriate tax legislation, the lack of knowledge and know-how at the tax administrations of the developing countries and the lack of external independent advisors who do not have any conflict of interest are serious impediments for the economic growth of a developing country.Dwarkasing & Partners supports governments and their tax administrations around the world -in particular developing countries- with technical assistance for their tax reform process and transfer pricing regulations. Our experience covers a wide range of policy, legislative and administrative issues helping governments and tax administrations to comply with international standards in an effective and efficient way, realizing an optimal tax revenue and to prevent tax avoidance and tax evasion by (foreign) taxpayers and multinationals. At the same time we assist multinational enterprises in their efforts to implement sound, corporate and social responsible tax policies and we therefore contribute to a solid FDI.Our government services include advising tax authorities in the draft process of tax treaties and domestic tax laws, bringing tax laws in line with the UN Model Tax Convention and/or the OECD Model Tax Convention, providing tailor-made tax research and reviewing existing domestic tax law and tax treaties in light of tax revenues. One of our specific services is capacity building: we provide courses and training, tailor-made to the needs of the staff of tax authorities.The government services of Dwarkasing & Partners focus in particular on the implementation of international tax law and transfer pricing legislation in developing and emerging countries (LATAM / Caricom / Africa/ Asia).Our government services include:• Drafting Legislation and Adjusting legislation to international standards• Providing high-end Research in the field of fiscal policy• Advising tax authorities in the draft process of tax treaties and national tax laws, commentaries and regulations• Bringing tax laws in line with the OECD and UN Model Tax Convention (if required or if necessary in light of Foreign Direct Investments)• Providing tailor-made tax research, including historical analysis of tax laws and international concepts•Providing in-house courses, tailor-made to the needs of the staff of the tax authorities and Ministery of Finance• Capacity Building: providing specific training to tax authorities in developing and emerging economies• Supporting Governments by serving as of counsel in tax law and economic cases and disputes.If you have a question concerning our government consultancy services, please contact dr. Ramon Dwarkasing, phone +31-243772000 or email: management@dwarkasing.com
